Tag: Threat Intel

  • 5 stars for sale: Inside the underground fake review trade

    5 stars for sale: Inside the underground fake review trade

    Recently, our team exposed sophisticated scam kits designed to steal sensitive data and trick consumers. But underground marketplaces are not just for malware and stolen passwords. They also offer services designed to manipulate your opinion of the products and services you buy every day.

    In our latest research, we examined cybercrime forums where sellers advertise illicit “reputation management” services. For the right price, these underground operators offer to flood a product with glowing, five-star ratings or remove negative reviews. This shadowy industry works both ways—artificially boosting reputations and deliberately hiding legitimate complaints.

    A major shift we are seeing in this space is the adoption of new technology. We also found that cybercriminals are using AI to automate these fake review campaigns. This could allow them to quickly generate realistic, human-sounding feedback in large volumes without much manual effort.

    5 stars as a service

    In the first example, discovered on a major English-language underground forum, a seller operating under the handle “aqenova” advertises both five-star review generation and negative review removal services. 

    The seller’s operations span widely used platforms, including Google, Trustpilot, Yelp, and various mobile app stores. By simply asking prospective buyers, “Just tell me which platform reviews you need?” the seller presents reputation manipulation as something buyers can just order on demand.

    Five-star reviews and removal services
    Five-star reviews and removal services

    Decoding the seller’s FAQ 

    Analyzing another seller’s (TrustForge) “Frequently Asked Questions” section revealed some surprising details about how these operations reportedly run behind the scenes. 

    First, the seller emphasizes that real people manually post these reviews, offering a guarantee for both successful delivery and “non-drop”—meaning the platform won’t flag and remove the feedback later. 

    Remember, a real person posting a review doesn’t mean they’re a real customer. The important question is whether they actually used the product or service and are describing an honest experience.

    Second, it appears this is a well-coordinated team effort rather than a solo operation, as the seller charges an extra fee if a buyer wants the main operator to write the review text personally. 

    However, what caught our attention most was their confidence in beating platform checks. The seller guarantees their fake reviews will stay active, claiming they rely on a closely guarded “private method.” According to TrustForge’s own statements, this method has allowed them to post more than 10,000 fake reviews.

    Reputation management FAQ
    Reputation management FAQ

    The clean-up crew: Making bad reviews disappear

    A single negative review is often all it takes to create a bad first impression of a product or service. When those negative comments start to pile up, they can completely ruin a business’s reputation and bottom line.

    Recognizing how desperate businesses can be to protect their image, our research team discovered underground services specifically offering to remove “fake” or “unfair” reviews from major platforms like Google and Trustpilot. 

    Of course, the boundary between what is genuinely fake and what a business simply considers “unfair” can be blurry. Businesses can legitimately challenge fabricated reviews, but these services raise concerns about whether genuine customer complaints could also be targeted.

    If legitimate customer complaints disappear, consumers lose information that could help them decide where to spend their money. 

    An offer to remove “fake” or “unfair” Google reviews
    An offer to remove “fake” or “unfair” Google reviews
    An offer to remove ”fake” or “unfair” review Google reviews
    An offer to remove ”fake” or “unfair” review Google reviews

    On average, having a single review removed through these underground services costs between $100 and $200. However, the pricing jumps dramatically depending on the platform.

    For instance, one seller advertised Airbnb review removal for around $1,100 per review.

    When you check a business’s reviews, you’re looking for patterns in other customers’ experiences. If genuine complaints disappear, you could miss repeated problems with refunds, product quality, or customer service.

    $1,100 to remove a “fake” or “unfair” Airbnb review 
    $1,100 to remove a “fake” or “unfair” Airbnb review 

    Artificial intelligence, artificial reviews

    During the last few months, our research team spotted an interesting thread on an underground forum where two users discussed using AI to mimic human E-E-A-T.

    E-E-A-T stands for Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness. It is a quality evaluation framework outlined in Google’s Search Quality Rater Guidelines, which human evaluators use to assess content quality. E-E-A-T itself is not a direct ranking factor.

    In the discussion we observed, one user asked the community if it was possible to use AI to effectively fake these qualities when writing product reviews and artificially boost website rankings. The answer was a resounding yes. 

    Another user claimed they had never experienced problems getting Google to index their completely AI-generated reviews.

    AI vs. E-E-A-T
    AI vs. E-E-A-T

    Behind the scenes: The IP addresses for fake reviews

    To keep fake reviews from being flagged and deleted, scammers need to look like everyday consumers. To help do this, they can use something called “residential and mobile proxies,” which route their traffic through other internet connections to disguise where it comes from.

    Think of an IP address as your computer’s caller ID. When scammers use bulk IP addresses from giant data centers, platforms may spot and block that traffic as coming from commercially hosted infrastructure. Residential proxies, on the other hand, route traffic through real, physical home internet connections—just like the Wi-Fi you use in your living room. Mobile proxies work the same way, but use real cellular networks.

    Our team recently discovered a seller on an underground forum acting as a direct supplier of these residential and mobile connections. The seller explicitly advertises them as perfect for running fake review campaigns.

    Residential and mobile advertised for fake review campaigns
    Residential and mobile proxies advertised for fake review campaigns

    How to avoid being misled by fake reviews

    The main goal of this research isn’t to make you panic or stop trusting every online review you read. We want to raise awareness about what happens behind the scenes, so you can make more informed buying decisions.

    If a product or offer seems too good to be true, but is backed by a mountain of perfect five-star reviews, take a moment to pause. Scammers often use these artificially boosted ratings to make a bad deal look reassuring.

    Read recent reviews and some of the middle-rated ones, rather than relying on the overall score. Look for recurring details about the things that matter to you, such as durability, delivery, or getting your money back.

    Look for repeated wording or sudden bursts of glowing feedback. These signs don’t prove a review is fake, but they’re reasons to take a closer look. Check the seller’s contact details and return policy, too.

    Malwarebytes Browser Guard can also help block scam, phishing, and malicious websites you may encounter while shopping.

    Unsure about an offer, even with glowing reviews? Share the link or a screenshot with Malwarebytes Scam Guard for help checking for signs of a scam before you buy.


    Stop threats before they can do any harm.

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    Source: Malwarebytes Labs · 2026-11-02

  • Artificial Intimacy: Love and lies in the age of AI 

    AI is becoming a third wheel in relationships, increasingly playing a role in the most intimate parts of our lives.  

    It shows up in the flirty first text, the polished dating profile, the therapized language we use with a partner after a fight, the strength we gather after heartbreak, and everywhere in between. For some, AI is a source of companionship itself. And even if you’re not personally an AI user, you may still be dating, loving, arguing with, or trusting someone who is. 

    As AI moves deeper into our relationships, it’s reshaping connection, blurring what feels authentic, and creating new ways for intimacy to be exploited. 

    AI is starting to replace human interaction 

    AI is moving into emotional territory once reserved for other people. For some, it’s no longer just a tool, but a source of support, companionship, and even romantic connection. 

    According to our recent research, about one in six have turned to a chatbot for companionship or emotional support. That climbs to about one in five among Gen Z and Millennials, and nearly one in four among regular AI users (those who use AI daily or multiple times a week). The more time people spend with AI, the more likely they are to humanize its role, making room for it as a friend, confidant, advisor, or even partner.   

    16% of respondents have used an AI chatbot for companionship or emotional support

    As AI takes on more intimate roles, it’s also starting to challenge the boundaries of real human relationships. More than one in three (37%) say having a romantic relationship with an AI chatbot while already in a committed relationship isn’t the same as cheating. That view is more common among men (46% versus 30% of women), Gen Z and Millennials (43% and 45%), and regular AI users (48%). 

    27% of respondents do not consider engaging in an AI romance cheating while in a committed relationship

    Whether the relationship is platonic or romantic, the more AI is treated like a human, the more personal the stakes become. Just like you have to be cautious when telling a human your deepest, darkest secrets, the experience is similar when using AI. Nearly two-thirds (65%) worry that private conversations they’ve had with AI could be exposed.  

    One survey respondent said:

    “I have used a chatbot…for emotional support, and it is worrying to think those conversations could be leaked.”

    The technology may be artificial, but the relationships people form with AI can feel very real. And as with any relationship, that means there are boundaries to work out, privacy to protect, and vulnerabilities to manage. 

    AI is creating new ways to weaponize intimacy 

    AI’s growing role in human intimacy also has a darker side. The same technology that can offer comfort, advice, or companionship can also be used to violate the most intimate parts of our lives. 

    Non-consensual image abuse, sextortion, and other forms of sexual abuse have long been part of the internet’s dark side. Generative AI has made that content easier to create. Someone trying to exploit another person no longer needs an actual intimate photo, video, or private exchange. A regular photo—or even just someone’s likeness—can be transformed into sexual content they never made, never shared, and never consented to. 

    Most people draw a clear line against that, but not everyone does. About one in six people say it’s acceptable to generate explicit images of someone without their permission for personal use. Another 14% are neutral, bringing the share who do not explicitly oppose the behavior to nearly one in three (31%).  

    Views differ sharply by age and sex: 

    • Younger adults are more accepting of someone using AI to generate non-consensual content: nearly one in four Gen Z (24%) and Millennials (23%) say it’s okay, compared with 13% of Gen X and just 5% of Boomers+ 
    • Men are also more permissive: more than one in five (22%) say it’s okay, compared with 14% of women 

    Attitudes toward the behavior may vary, but the fear of becoming a target is far more widespread. Overall, nearly two-thirds of people (62%) worry someone could create fake nude or sexually explicit photos or videos of them. Women feel this threat more acutely: nearly seven in ten (69%) are concerned, compared with 57% of men. 

    69% of respondents oppose generating explicit images of someone without their permission, while 17% are okay with it.

    For some, this fear has already become a reality:  

    • One in ten say AI has been used to generate nude or sexually explicit imagery of them without permission 
    • One in ten say someone has threatened to release AI-generated compromising or explicit imagery of them 

    As one respondent recounted: 

    “I had someone make fake nudes of me using AI on my photos from my social media and threaten to post them on Facebook…[it] made me more cautious about AI.”

    The intimate material may be fake, but the fear, coercion, and potential for reputational, emotional, and financial damage are completely real. 

    AI is making it harder to know who you’re really talking to  

    The threat doesn’t stop with fabricated sexual content. AI is also making it harder to know whether the person on the other side of a screen is who they claim to be. 

    Humans have always edited themselves for other people. We choose the most flattering photo, write and rewrite the text before sending it, and present our most interesting selves—especially when forming new relationships. AI dramatically expands what that kind of self-editing can look like, and people aren’t shy about using it: 

    • 54% say AI helps them present the best version of themselves  
    • 47% say using AI to present your “best self” to employers, friends, or romantic partners does not present a false identity 
    • That rises to 58% of both Gen Z and Millennials and 64% of regular AI users 

    But where does enhancement end and deception begin? Is an AI-polished dating profile still authentically you? What about a message you didn’t write? A photo that looks like you, only better? 

    There’s a flipside to using AI to make ourselves look or sound better: If we can do it, so can everyone else. And people are much less comfortable when they’re not the ones controlling the technology. Two-thirds (67%) worry that an online friend or romantic interest could use AI-generated images, videos, or other content to deceive them.  

    Catfishing, fake photos, and lies on dating profiles aren’t new. AI just makes the deception easier. Someone’s photos, backstory, messages, and even their voice can all be faked.  

    One person described leaving dating apps after realizing the person they were talking to had gone well beyond simply polishing their profile: 

    “[The] dating profile had fake pictures…[it] wasn’t just making true events sound interesting and more flirty, but creating completely false photos and information. Left the dating apps again and needed to reset.”

    AI can distort identity in the other direction, too. It can also create a version of us we never chose to put into the world.  

    • 76% worry about someone creating a fake profile pretending to be them 
    • 70% worry about fake images or videos of themselves being created 
    • 71% worry AI-generated content could be used to damage their reputation 
    AI is a double edged tool where they feel like they can present their best selves, but also are wary of other people creating fake identities

    Relationships are built on mutual trust. AI can distort both sides of the connection: who we think the other person is, and who they think we are.  

    AI is quietly finding its way into the space between people  

    Not all of AI’s influence on intimacy is so dramatic. Much of it happens quietly, showing up in how people communicate with each other and navigate relationships: 

    • More than one in three have used AI to help write or edit a message 
    • About one in seven have turned to it for advice about a relationship or personal decision 
    • One in ten say it has already changed how they date or communicate romantically—rising to nearly one in five among Gen Z 

    The survey responses show what this looks like in real life. For example, one respondent described using AI with their partner as a way to step outside their own point of view: 

    “Personally, it has helped me. We use AI in our relationship as a reflection tool, and it has sometimes helped us take on the perspective of the other.”

    For another, AI helped them work through jealousy:  

    “So, I used to accuse my partner, and I got really territorial about them but once I talked to AI about it, they gave helpful advice and now we are stronger than ever.”

    AI is also showing up in other difficult relationship moments. One person said it helped them “stay calm and communicate” when problems came up with their partner; another said it allows them “to pause and refine [their] thoughts” before responding. 

    Sometimes the role is simpler. One respondent said AI gives them “new romantic words” for their partner, while another said they’ve asked AI for advice on how to make their partner smile. AI’s growing role in relationships may be unsettling, but the benefits people describe are definitely there. 

    AI isn’t just helping people find the right words. It’s also helping them decide what version of themselves to put forward in the first place. More than one in three say it’s okay to use AI to create or improve a dating profile; nearly two-thirds aren’t opposed. One respondent described using AI as a “creative advisor” to polish their profile and come up with conversation starters. 

    AI doesn’t have to replace a relationship to help shape it. It can influence how people communicate, what advice they take, and how they choose to present themselves.  

    AI’s intimacy problem is ultimately a trust problem 

    From connection to deception to outright harm, the same question keeps surfacing: Can I trust what’s in front of me? And would I know if I couldn’t? 

    Nearly nine in ten people (88%) say AI is making it harder to tell what online content is genuinely human or real. And 84% say even convincing video evidence no longer necessarily feels like proof. That uncertainty follows people into dating and relationships, where knowing what—and who—to trust is deeply personal. 

    AI may make it easier to start a conversation, smooth over a hard one, or feel connected when you’re lonely. But relationships and intimacy of all kinds still come down to trust, and AI is making that trust a little harder to take at face value. 

    About the research 

    The research in this article is based on a March 2026 survey about AI, identity, and the collapse of digital trust and was conducted among 1,500 respondents in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The research was prepared by an independent research consultant and distributed via Forsta. 


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    Source: Malwarebytes Labs · 2026-10-27